The Comfort Roller is approved for all tests in which spurs with wheels are permitted.

"One pair of spurs: permitted, provided they are not likely to cause puncture or cut injuries in normal use, max. length 4.5 cm, measured from the boot (incl. wheel, movable). The spur must be attached in such a way that the end of the spike is horizontal or inclined downwards." (Source: LPO 2018, p. 76f)

Partial test dressage: "A pair of spurs is only permitted as follows: max. length 4.0 cm, measured from the boot (if applicable incl. wheel, movable - but without prongs), with smooth end surfaces which are not likely to cause puncture or cut injuries during normal use. The spur must be attached in such a way that the end of the spike is horizontal or inclined downwards." (Source: LPO 2018, p. 77)

Partial cross-country test or cross-country test of all types and aptitude test with partial cross-country test, combined dressage/jumping test analogous to aptitude test with partial cross-country test: "A pair of spurs is only permitted as follows: Length max. 4.0 cm, measured from the boot (if applicable incl. wheel, movable - but without prongs), with smooth end surfaces which are not likely to cause puncture or cut injuries when used normally. The spur must be attached in such a way that the end of the spike is horizontal or inclined downwards." (Source: LPO 2018, p. 78; incl. changes/additions due to the FN calendar publication of 01/01/2018)

Jumping test: "A pair of spurs is only permitted as follows: max. length 4.0 cm, measured from the boot (if applicable, incl. wheel, movable - but without prongs), with smooth end surfaces that are not likely to cause puncture or cut injuries when used normally. The spur must be attached in such a way that the end of the spike is horizontal or inclined downwards." (Source: LPO 2018, p. 77f)

In principle, every rider is responsible for checking their own equipment with regard to LPO approval. The contact for all questions relating to the LPO is the FN, Competition Sports Department.

The disciplines and classes for which the individual bit models are approved can be found in various places:

- The FN's LPO equipment catalog summarizes the basic regulations for bits, spurs and other equipment for each category with corresponding illustrations. (Download here)

- When selecting a product in the Sprenger online store, there is a reference to the LPO approval.

- The complete LPO in printed version is available from FNverlag. (follow link)

LPO poster, FN equipment catalog

Basically applies:

- Normal single & double broken water snaffles, olive head snaffles, D-ring bits and shank snaffles from class E upwards

- Bar bits are only permitted in show jumping and only from class A upwards

- In show jumping from medium** level upwards, "everything" is permitted.

For the other classes or bit types, please refer to the FN equipment catalog.

Any specialist retailer who stocks our products can order them. It's best to simply ask your specialist dealer.

In some cases, custom-made products are possible, e.g. if you want different side parts on a bit. However, it is always necessary to check individually whether the desired modification is feasible in terms of production technology. Please ask us directly or contact one of our specialist dealers.

Around 25 individual production steps are required to produce a finished set of dentures. It can be roughly said that the production of a denture model - from casting to storage - takes approximately one week.

If the bit is significantly too large, for example, a nutcracker effect, i.e. a squeezing of the lower jaw, as well as palatal pressure can occur. But even with conventional bits, the joint eyes can line up in the palate. The single jointed TURNADO bits from Sprenger therefore have the joint eyes rotated 45° to the front, which prevents palatal pressure.

Most bits are made of metal, such as stainless steel or copper alloys. The advantage of metal is that it is very hard and resilient and has a smooth surface.

The main advantages of metal alloys as a bit material are high strength, durability and longevity. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in quality and functionality between available alloys for use in the horse's mouth.

Alloys that stimulate salivation, for example, are very popular.

Copper and iron are suitable for this due to their natural oxidation properties, which stimulate the horse's chewing activity. The disadvantage of iron bits is that oxidation causes rust, which must be removed before riding.

The disadvantage of copper is that pure copper is too soft to withstand the stresses in the horse's mouth; it has to be hardened with additives. This is where it gets interesting, because the added metals influence the oxidation behavior of the copper and therefore also the functionality of the bit. Conventional copper alloys are hardened with aluminum - this is cheap and easy to process. However, it has been proven to prevent the desired oxidation process.

The Sensogan alloy from Sprenger is hardened with the trace element manganese, which does not impair oxidation.

The main advantages of metal alloys as a bit material are high strength, durability and longevity. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in quality and functionality between available alloys for use in the horse's mouth.

Copper alloys, for example, are very popular. Copper is suitable as a bit material due to its natural oxidation properties, as this stimulates the horse's chewing activity. However, as pure copper is too soft to withstand the stresses in the horse's mouth, it has to be hardened with additives. This is where it gets interesting, because the added metals influence the oxidation behavior of the copper and therefore also the functionality of the bit.

Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium and nickel, which has a particularly high strength. It is tasteless and has no chewing properties. Stainless steel bits are generally imported from the Middle East and Far East and can vary enormously in quality depending on the manufacturer. All stainless steel bits from SPRENGER are tested in this respect and meet the highest quality standards.

Sensogan and Aurigan are copper alloys that have been specially developed for use in the horse's mouth. The composition is based on scientific findings and has been toxicologically tested by the Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine and assessed as safe. Both materials stimulate the horse's salivation and chewing activity. Sensogan is the further development of Aurigan and has now replaced it.

The material and principle of the bits are very similar, but Nathe (18 mm or 20 mm) is thicker than Duo (16 mm). Depending on the side, the Duo can be used either with a slight tongue clearance or as a straight bar, while the Nathe bit tapers in the middle on both sides (top and bottom). There is a large selection of different side pieces for the Nathe bits to meet all requirements.

Alternatives in plastic: Duo (but bar) or Nathe, available in single, double broken and bar.

Metal is always a change from plastic, as the material is harder. Some horses need time to get used to it.

With a bar, the pressure is evenly distributed over the entire tongue. The effect increases when the reins are tightened. Rubber bars are usually very thick and often exert pressure on the tongue even when the reins are not tightened. The material is rather soft, but has a rough surface and can cause friction if there is too little saliva flow. It is not correct to speak of a "sharp" effect. It depends on the sensitivity of the horse, the space available in the horse's mouth and the rider's hand.

The rough surface in the center of the single jointed Turnado bits is a sandblasting that serves solely as an optical marking. It is not a different material, but simply the roughened surface of the Sensogan bit. This makes it easier to distinguish the Turnado bit from normal single jointed water snaffles.

The advantage of this specially angled bit, in which the joint in the middle is tilted forward by 45°, is an even distribution of pressure on both halves of the tongue. In normal single jointed bits, one bit shank is always longer than the other for manufacturing reasons. On the side with the longer bit shank, more pressure is applied to the edge of the tongue and lower jaw than on the other side.

If the denture is used for many years or particularly intensively, the rough surface may become smaller or disappear over time. However, this has no effect on the effectiveness of the denture.

A steel core is often used with plastic or rubber bits and makes the mouthpiece particularly stable. This stability not only ensures that you can enjoy the bit for many years to come. It also provides safety for your horse, as the bit cannot crack or tear in the horse's mouth.

Compared to metal bits, plastic and rubber bits are significantly softer and should not come into contact with the horse's teeth. All SPRENGER Duo bits (flexible, white plastic) are food-safe, solvent-free and contain no plasticizers. All SPRENGER duo and rubber bits are fitted with a steel core to increase safety so that they cannot be bitten through.

When using rubber bits, make sure that your horse produces enough saliva. Rubber bits can be uncomfortable for horses with too little saliva flow and rub the corners of the mouth sore ("eraser effect").

Due to the soft material properties of plastic and rubber bits, SPRENGER offers no guarantee against bit breakage.

Single jointed bits act on the lower jaw via the tongue. When the reins are tightened, the joint in the middle of the mouthpiece stands up slightly, relieving the center of the tongue and directing more pressure to the edges of the tongue.

With double jointed bits, the pressure is distributed immediately over a larger area of the tongue than with single jointed bits.

All double and single jointed SENSOGAN bits from SPRENGER are adapted to the anatomical requirements of the horse's mouth so that the rider's aids are delivered more effectively.

Double jointed bits have shorter shanks than single jointed bits, which are connected by a centerpiece. This distributes the pressure more evenly and over a larger area on the halves of the tongue without the centerpiece pressing into the palate. The pressure created by the tightening of the reins is therefore distributed over a much larger area of the tongue and directed to the lower jaw than with single jointed bits.

The effect of a bar bit depends heavily on the procurement, shape and material of the bit.

A straight or slightly curved rigid bar exerts even pressure across the entire width of the tongue and lies quietly in the mouth. Compared to broken bits, straight bars exert less pressure on the edges of the tongue and the lips, but more on the center of the tongue.

This is not to say that it is not possible to work gently with a bar, the important thing is that stronger rein pressure with a (straight/ slightly curved, rigid) bar stimulates the tongue more than with a (normal) broken bit. The effect can therefore be stronger in this situation. This is also confirmed by the MAX-Control bit, which we have been using successfully for decades on horses that occasionally get strong.

Single jointed bits act on the lower jaw via the tongue. When the reins are tightened, the joint in the middle of the mouthpiece is slightly raised, relieving the pressure on the middle of the tongue and directing more pressure to the edges of the tongue. With double jointed bits, the pressure is distributed over a larger area of the tongue than with single jointed bits. All double jointed SENSOGAN bits from SPRENGER are adapted to the anatomical requirements of the horse's mouth so that the rider's aids are delivered more effectively.

However, there are different types of bits, which we explain in more detail in our YouTube videos and in our flyer "In 4 steps to the right bit".

Conventional single jointed bits always have different lengths of bit shanks due to the manufacturing process, which means that a little more pressure is always exerted on one side. These bits should therefore be turned regularly.

Our Dynamic RS and Turnado bits avoid this problem. The joint in the middle is inclined by 45°, which means that the bit shanks rest evenly on the tongue and enable even pressure to be applied. This eliminates the need to turn the bit regularly. The single jointed novocontact bit is particularly recommended for sensitive horses that tend to curl up. The KK bit is used for horses that do not react appropriately to double-broken or normal single-broken bits and have a strong tendency to lean.

Conventional double jointed bits have a centerpiece that is not angled. The joint eyes lie upright between the tongue and palate, which can cause unpleasant pressure points on the tongue or palate.

The KK Ultra bit has a 45° inclined centerpiece. This has significantly improved the effect. The Dynamic RS bit is also ergonomically shaped and enables a gentle but direct action. The rolling element of the WH Ultra bits encourages the horse's mouth action, concentration and chewing. This often results in relaxed jaw muscles and topline, as well as more harmony and better permeability. Double jointed novocontact bits are ideal for horses that occasionally get strong but are too sensitive for the use of stronger bits.

There are also bar bits. These belong in the hands of experienced, sensitive riders. There is a choice between rigid straight bars (recommended for horses that get strong, go against the hand or lie down on the hand), flexible straight bars (recommended for horses that occasionally get stuck or show impermeability in certain situations) and bar bits with tongue clearance (recommended for horses that go against the hand, have particularly fleshy tongues or to correct tongue problems in horses that find pressure on the tongue unpleasant and avoid it by pulling up or sticking out the tongue).

With 3-ring bits, the pressure is distributed via the tongue to the lower jaw and the poll when the reins are pulled. A 3-ring bit may be the right choice for horses that clearly pull upwards.

The leverage effect of the 3-ring bit exerts pressure on the poll, to which the horse usually reacts by lowering its head. The rider can then act again using the tongue. The leverage effect can be varied using different rein options.

The prerequisite for this is, of course, a practiced and sensitive rider's hand. These bits are not recommended for horses that tend to pull away downwards and tend to cower.

With all the different designs and shapes of bar bits, it's easy to lose track. The freedom of the tongue is a particularly important point to consider when choosing a bit. While bar bits with tongue clearance are anatomically shaped and put pressure on the edges of the tongue rather than the center of the tongue even when the reins are pulled, the pressure on bar bits without tongue clearance is distributed over the entire tongue. For you and your horse, this means that you should opt for a tongue-free bit if your horse only occasionally goes against the hand. However, if it goes strongly against the reins and you want a stronger effect, you can try a bar bit without tongue freedom. And be careful: some horses have a particularly thick and fleshy tongue. They benefit from greater tongue freedom.

Bits with continuous rings act exclusively on traction. The movable rings can compensate slightly for an unsteady or inexperienced rider's hand. In addition, the horse can lift the bit slightly by tensing its tongue and thus temporarily avoid excessive pressure. In principle, water snaffles are suitable for every horse and every level of training and are particularly recommended for young horses or novice riders.

Bits with fixed side pieces such as olive head, D-ring and thigh snaffles also work exclusively by pulling on the lower jaw via the tongue. In comparison to water snaffles, the rein aids are transmitted more directly. The mouthpiece is firmly attached to the ring and therefore lies particularly quietly in the horse's mouth. There is also an additional lateral contact, which makes it easier to ride turns and to rein on the outside rein, for example. The larger the contact surface between the side piece and the bit, the greater the lateral influence.

There are also bits with additional action on the poll, such as the multi-ring snaffle, the 3-ring bit and the filly bit, as well as bits with additional action on the poll and lower jaw, such as the Pelham, curb bit and jumping curb bit. You can find more information about our side pieces in our PDF "In 4 steps to the right bit".

The nutcracker effect refers to either the pressure of the joint of single broken bits in the palate and/or the pinching of the tongue and lower bars by the bit shanks moving upwards. This can occur in horses with a particularly flat palate or a bit that is clearly too big or too thick for the horse. With a suitable bit, the nutcracker effect is virtually eliminated, as the corners of the mouth limit the upward movement of the bit.

Different materials (metal or plastic) may be combined when using the curb bit and the snaffle bit. Exception: combinations that are demonstrably harmful to health." (Source: LPO 2018, p. 83 and p. 291).

Buckling is often the problem, especially for horses with small mouths and/or short mouth gaps. The curb bit should not be too thick and should not come into contact with the snaffle bit. If it is not due to the buckling, the anatomical shape of the curb bit may not be suitable for your horse. It is therefore always important to check how much space there is in the horse's mouth and how the anatomical conditions are and to select a suitable curb bit.

The HO curb bit is a great curb bit that works for many horses and is also particularly suitable for getting horses used to a curb bit. It has a slight tongue clearance and is slightly curved overall and inclined forwards. The tongue has more room than with a straight bar. There can be no palate pressure. You can find a selection of our curbs and the respective descriptions here.

• The width and shape of the snaffle bit should correspond to the normal snaffle bit, thickness 12 - 14 mm.
• The curb bit lies deeper in the mouth and should be close to the corner of the mouth. Therefore, generally choose a size smaller than the snaffle bit.
• Buckle the chin chain in such a way that an angle of approx. 30° to 45° is allowed between the mouth gap and the lower part of the bit.
• Bits must not touch each other when the reins are in place.

If the bit is worn out (at the ring holes or joints) or has sharp edges. Plastic and rubber bits should be checked regularly for tooth marks or material damage and replaced if in doubt.

No. This is absolutely not necessary with high-quality bits - as long as there are no sharp edges on the mouthpiece or at the ring holes.

It all depends on how often and for how many horses it is used. Experience shows that Sprenger metal bits last 5-7 years. It should be replaced at the latest when the ring holes or joint eyes become worn/sharp-edged.

An unsuitable bit can affect the horse's rideability. Depending on the shape of the bit and how it is used, it can even cause injuries, e.g. to the corner of the mouth if the bit is too big or too small. Head banging, opening the mouth, crawling behind the reins or overreacting to rein aids can indicate an unsuitable bit.

This depends on the thickness of the rubber disks. With normal rubber disks, a larger bit is not necessary. However, it is important that the corners of the mouth are not pinched. A bit one size larger means 1 cm, i.e. 0.5 mm more space on each side. In other words, more space than the bit plates take up and the bit may then be too big.

If health problems have been ruled out as the cause of the "hot temper", this may well make sense. Depending on the problem, different types of bits can be used, e.g. bar or lever bits, such as 3-ring bits or Pelhams. In any case, the rider should have learned to give sensitive aids.

There can be many reasons for teeth grinding, and changing the bit alone does not usually bring the greatest success. It is also important that the whole bridle fits well. In other words, it should not press on the ears or pinch nerves. With young horses in particular, the problem usually improves with increasing rideability. The WH Ultra could be something for your young horse. The wheel in the middle stimulates chewing activity and thus relaxes the jaw muscles.

We like to recommend an anatomically adapted double or single broken water snaffle (KK Ultra or Turnado) in 16 mm thickness.

For young horses that are not yet familiar with the bit, you should choose a bit that does not exert too much pressure on the tongue or mouth. Young horses usually do not have a steady contact, nor do they stand on the aids. As a rule, a water snaffle bit that is not too thick and not too thin is suitable here. Bits that are too thick can be uncomfortable for the horse and cause pressure points, while bits that are too thin may be too strong.

For young horses that are already familiar with the bit and the rider's aids, you can also use a snaffle with a fixed ring, e.g. an olive head snaffle. This type of bit lies more quietly in the horse's mouth and on the tongue, which can have a positive effect on young horses with an unsteady contact or horses that play too much with the bit.

The Turnado or the KK Ultra is usually a good choice for breaking in. The Dynamic is also suitable, especially for horses with a small, narrow mouth and a thick tongue. If there is sufficient space between the tongue and the palate, we recommend the KK Ultra. This is our top seller among the training bits.

In any case, work must be done to establish trust in the rider's hand. This can be achieved by using a bit shape with gentle pressure distribution (e.g. single broken novocontact bit) or by the choice of material (e.g. plastic).

- This is often related to a rideability problem that needs to be worked on in further training. To correct this, you can, for example, work with bits that become a bar when a certain amount of pressure is applied (MAX Control). If the horse becomes strong, the rider has a more effective influence, if the horse gives way, the bit also becomes softer again. Important: in this case, the bit should be used as a corrective bit and is not intended for daily use. This problem can only be solved through correct training.

- With the single jointed KK bit, the pressure distribution is slightly different to that of a conventional single jointed bit, which means that the effect can be slightly more intense for a short time when the reins are pulled, so that the rider's hand can become soft again as quickly as possible.

Check the buckling, fit and size. The horse may have pressure points in its mouth and therefore react in this way. If the reaction is more like playing or being distracted, you can try switching to a single jointed bit and/or olive head bit. Here there is less movement in the mouthpiece and the bit lies more quietly due to the fixed side part.

- There are bit materials that promote the flow of saliva and chewing activity through oxidation, for example Sensogan

- For horses that have very tense lower jaw muscles and are therefore rather "blunt", you can use bits that are very flexible and flexible. For example, double jointed water snaffles or the WH Ultra, with a rolling element in the centerpiece.

- The bit is often buckled too high for short mouth gaps, which can lead to chafing above the corners of the mouth. It is therefore important not to choose a bit that is too large and to buckle it correctly.

- In such cases, bits with straight bit shanks are well suited

Metal olive head bits are suitable for horses with sensitive mouth angles in the outer area.
If a horse has problems in the inner area of the mouth angle, this can also be caused by an incorrect size or buckling.
Rubber bits are less suitable for such cases, as they have a soft and rough surface and can exacerbate the problem through friction (eraser effect).

- Maintain the corner of the mouth well, always keep it soft and supple

- Use bits with a smooth surface, no rubber bits

- Avoid friction = check bit size

- The corner of the mouth should not be squeezed or come into contact with the ring hole

- Bits that are too large slip quickly or rub against the outside of the corner of the mouth, especially if the corner of the mouth is rather fleshy

The anatomically and ergonomically shaped bit models are particularly suitable for sensitive horses with little space in the mouth and/or thick tongues, as they make optimum use of the space in the mouth.

Bits with fixed side pieces lie more quietly. Maybe try a single jointed bit, then there is less movement in the mouthpiece and it is less inviting to play.

- Always to be considered on a case-by-case basis. Root cause research is very important. The more precisely you can identify the situations in which the problem occurs, the better conclusions can be drawn about the choice of teeth.

- Health problems must be ruled out

- Bits that take the pressure off the tongue or distribute it evenly often help (e.g. Dynamic RS, novocontact, Comfort Mouth bar bit, etc.).

- You are also welcome to contact us directly.

As a rule, horses place their tongue over the bit to avoid the pressure on the tongue. In this case, the pressure should be taken off the tongue or better distributed. First and foremost by using less hand pressure or by using an anatomically suitable bit, such as our Dynamic RS bits, which offer the tongue a little more space thanks to their ergonomic shape. If you have any specific questions, please contact Sprenger directly or one of our specialist dealers.

Check the bit. Are there any sharp edges or is it worn out at the joint eyes or ring holes? Sometimes it also helps to try a different set of teeth. If the denture is rather thick, in very rare cases there may not be enough space after dental treatment (grinding down the front teeth) and you may have to switch to a thinner one.

It depends on where the bruising occurs. If the inside of the mouth is very fleshy, you should probably not use an olive head, but a water snaffle and a straight bit shape - not too thick, of course! The bit width should definitely fit (neither too big nor too small) and the bit should not be buckled too high. We would recommend a KK Ultra in 14 or 16 mm thickness or Turnado. If the tongue is thick, also a Dynamic RS - but preferably a water snaffle.

- Here, training should focus on loosening the jaw and neck muscles.

- For horses that have very tense lower jaw muscles and are therefore rather "blunt", you can use bits that are very mobile and flexible. For example, double jointed water snaffles or the WH Ultra, with a rolling element in the centerpiece.

- Here too, it is not possible to make a general statement; the individual case must be considered.

- As a rule, a thinner bit thickness and a curved shape are used in such cases.

Bits with a more straight shape or bar bits generally put less strain on the lips and corners of the mouth than curved bit shapes.

No. Such blanket statements can never be applied to all horses. The individual anatomical conditions and needs of the horse must be considered. Bar bits also require a practiced and sensitive rider's hand and are only recommended if the horse is already well on the aids. They require an even rein action and will tilt if the rein aids are one-sided. It is not possible to develop position and bend with bar bits, for example.

The natural chewing movement of horses is very important and a sign of satisfaction and suppleness. In many horses, the oxidation of copper alloys, such as Sensogan, can improve and promote chewing activity and increase acceptance of the bit.

A shank snaffle is basically like an olive head or D-ring bit with extended bars on the side. It lies quietly in the mouth and is used for lateral restraint, e.g. on horses that tend to break out over the shoulder, and cannot be pulled through the mouth due to the long bars.

- Round bit rings are not fixed to the mouthpiece and can rotate in the ring holes. The mouthpiece can therefore move independently of the bit ring and is relatively flexible.

- With olive head bits, the bit ring is firmly attached to the mouthpiece and therefore lies more quietly in the mouth and on the tongue. The effect on the tongue is therefore more direct and the position in the horse's mouth is calmer. Due to the soft transitions to the bit ring, these bits are gentle on the corner of the mouth and have a slight limiting effect.

The larger the area at the corner of the mouth, the more boundary and frame I give the horse.

A D-ring bit lies much more quietly in the horse's mouth than a water snaffle due to the D-ring being fixed to the mouthpiece. The rings should be close to the corner of the mouth. Due to the lateral limitation, the ring provides support when riding turns. With D-ring bits and bits with fixed side pieces, the rider can use the rein aid more directly, as any aid is passed directly to the tongue via the hand.

Olive head, D-ring and shank snaffles act on the lower jaw via the tongue when the reins are pulled. The rein aids are transmitted more directly compared to water snaffles. The movements of unsteady or inexperienced rider's hands are transmitted directly to the tongue.
As the mouthpiece is firmly attached to the ring, it lies particularly quietly in the horse's mouth. The soft transitions to the side pieces make these bits particularly gentle on the corner of the mouth. In addition, the contact surface of the side pieces provides an additional lateral boundary, which makes it easier to ride turns and the outer rein (retaining rein aid), for example.

The lateral limitation of D-ring and shank snaffles is stronger in comparison to olive head snaffles, because the larger the contact surface between the side piece and the corner of the mouth, the greater the lateral limitation.
These bits are particularly suitable for horses with sensitive corners of the mouth, for horses that tend to break out over the shoulder (e.g. when turning or when starting jumps) or for horses that have a very restless mouth and "play" too much with the mouthpiece of a ring snaffle.

It always depends on the horse (anatomy, character, level of training), the situation and of course the qualities of the rider. In the case of bits with a leverage effect, for example, the pressure is distributed over several points of action by the rein aid. This supposedly "sharper" bit in a sensitive rider's hand can be softer than a supposedly soft bit where the rider starts to "pull" and all the pressure is applied to just one effective point (usually the tongue).

No. The term water snaffle simply refers to the continuous ring on the side. Originally, there were only single-broken water snaffles until the double-broken bit was invented over time.

With 3-ring and multi-ring bits, the pressure is first distributed via the tongue to the lower jaw and then to the poll when the reins are pulled. This gives the rider more control when the horse becomes strong and pulls upwards, as the pressure on the poll usually causes the horse to lower its head.

The effect is even more pronounced with 3-ring bits, as the leverage effect is even greater due to the length of the side piece. The optimum effect is achieved when two pairs of reins are used. The main rein in the large ring acts on the tongue and lower jaw, the second pair of reins - buckled in the lower ring - can exert pressure on the poll via the cheekpiece if required. Of course, this requires a practiced and sensitive rider's hand.

A horse usually shows its preference or dislike for or against the bit used when riding. With a little practice, you can deduce which bit shape should be more comfortable for the horse by looking at the anatomical conditions. For example, the distance between the mouth and lower jaw, the thickness of the tongue, the shape of the palate and the condition of the lower bars all play a role.

Whether sensitive or strong: bar bits are suitable for very different types of horses, depending on the design. The choice is huge and the way they work can vary enormously depending on the model. But wait a minute: how do you know whether a bar bit might be suitable for you and your horse? Basically, this type of bit is less suitable if your horse is difficult to turn, position and bend. This is because as soon as you have to use one-sided rein aids, the bit tilts. A bar bit is therefore particularly suitable if you have an even connection with both hands and are able to ride your horse through turns primarily with thigh and weight aids.

There is no general better or worse answer to this question. It all depends on the horse, the area of use and the rider. With bar bits, one-sided rein aids or the development of position and bending are difficult (flexible bar) or not possible at all (rigid bar). Riders who use a bar bit should therefore be able to parry their horse well with leg and weight aids and be able to ride through a turn.

Single jointed bits act more selectively on the edge of the tongue and less on the center of the tongue.
Double jointed bits act more extensively on the tongue, the pressure is distributed over the edge and center of the tongue.

This depends on the horse's anatomy, age, character, state of health and level of training of horse and rider. If in doubt, consult a trainer, specialist dealer or bit specialist. Borrow and try out common bit models (stable colleagues or test center, dealer). Otherwise, we create videos about the different types of bits to help with the choice of bit.

Basically, you should always aim to ride with a normal bit (such as a water or olive head snaffle). The best way to find out whether a single or double bit is better is often by trial and error.

A more specialized bit shape often results from increasing requirements in the further training of horse and rider. Lever bits are useful, for example, if the horse pulls upwards and the rider can no longer use the tongue to influence the bit. However, the trainer or a specialist should always be consulted here and the rider should be able to give fine and independent aids.

Horses are as sensitive and individual as we humans are. Bits serve as a means of communication between rider and horse and should not send false or misleading signals. It is therefore important to adapt the bits to the individual and anatomical needs of the horse.

Depending on the area of use, safety naturally also plays a major role.

The most common bit models are

- single or double broken bits, bar bits

- water snaffles

- Bits with fixed side pieces: Olive head, D-ring, shank snaffle

- Bits with additional action on the poll: pull-on snaffle, 3-ring snaffle

- Bits with additional action on the poll and chin group: Pelham, riding curb bit

- Bridles with action on the poll, nasal bone & lower jaw: Hackamore

It always depends on the horse (anatomy, character, level of training), the situation and of course the qualities of the rider. In the case of bits with a leverage effect, for example, the pressure is distributed over several points of action by the rein aid. This supposedly "sharper" bit in a sensitive rider's hand can be softer than a supposedly soft bit where the rider starts to "pull" and all the pressure is applied to just one effective point (usually the tongue).

No. The term water snaffle simply refers to the continuous ring on the side. Originally, there were only single-broken water snaffles until the double-broken bit was invented over time.

Pelhams act on three different points on the horse's head: on the lower jaw via the tongue, on the poll via the leverage effect of the side reins and on the lower jaw via the chin chain. The rein aid is therefore distributed to the various pressure points on the horse's head. This enables the rider to have better influence and control, e.g. with strong or stormy horses.

Correct basic training and rideability should be a prerequisite for the use of such bits. As the horse's lower jaw is very sensitive and only covered with a thin layer of skin, it is advisable to use a chin chain pad as a cushion.

With 3-ring and multi-ring bits, the pressure is first distributed via the tongue to the lower jaw and then to the poll when the reins are pulled. This gives the rider more control when the horse becomes strong and pulls upwards, as the pressure on the poll usually causes the horse to lower its head.

The effect is even more pronounced with 3-ring bits, as the leverage effect is even greater due to the length of the side piece. The optimum effect is achieved when two pairs of reins are used. The main rein in the large ring acts on the tongue and lower jaw, the second pair of reins - buckled in the lower ring - can exert pressure on the poll via the cheekpiece if required. Of course, this requires a practiced and sensitive rider's hand.

A horse usually shows its preference or dislike for or against the bit used when riding. With a little practice, you can deduce which bit shape should be more comfortable for the horse by looking at the anatomical conditions. For example, the distance between the mouth and lower jaw, the thickness of the tongue, the shape of the palate and the condition of the lower bars all play a role.

Whether sensitive or strong: bar bits are suitable for very different types of horses, depending on the design. The choice is huge and the way they work can vary enormously depending on the model. But wait a minute: how do you know whether a bar bit might be suitable for you and your horse? Basically, this type of bit is less suitable if your horse is difficult to turn, position and bend. This is because as soon as you have to use one-sided rein aids, the bit tilts. A bar bit is therefore particularly suitable if you have an even connection with both hands and are able to ride your horse through turns primarily with thigh and weight aids.

There is no general better or worse answer to this question. It all depends on the horse, the area of use and the rider. With bar bits, one-sided rein aids or the development of position and bending are difficult (flexible bar) or not possible at all (rigid bar). Riders who use a bar bit should therefore be able to parry their horse well with leg and weight aids and be able to ride through a turn.

Single jointed bits act more selectively on the edge of the tongue and less on the center of the tongue.
Double jointed bits act more extensively on the tongue, the pressure is distributed over the edge and center of the tongue.

This depends on the horse's anatomy, age, character, state of health and level of training of horse and rider. If in doubt, consult a trainer, specialist dealer or bit specialist. Borrow and try out common bit models (stable colleagues or test center, dealer). Otherwise, we create videos about the different types of bits to help with the choice of bit.

Basically, you should always aim to ride with a normal bit (such as a water or olive head snaffle). The best way to find out whether a single or double bit is better is often by trial and error.

A more specialized bit shape often results from increasing requirements in the further training of horse and rider. Lever bits are useful, for example, if the horse pulls upwards and the rider can no longer use the tongue to influence the bit. However, the trainer or a specialist should always be consulted here and the rider should be able to give fine and independent aids.

Horses are as sensitive and individual as we humans are. Bits serve as a means of communication between rider and horse and should not send false or misleading signals. It is therefore important to adapt the bits to the individual and anatomical needs of the horse.

Depending on the area of use, safety naturally also plays a major role.

The most common bit models are

- single or double broken bits, bar bits

- water snaffles

- Bits with fixed side pieces: Olive head, D-ring, shank snaffle

- Bits with additional action on the poll: pull-on snaffle, 3-ring snaffle

- Bits with additional action on the poll and chin group: Pelham, riding curb bit

- Bridles with action on the poll, nasal bone & lower jaw: Hackamore

No. There are numerous different types of bar bits, which differ greatly in the way they work. Which horse is happy with which bit is always individual and depends on anatomy, character and level of training. D-rings are also not recommended for every horse.

- Some bit models are also available in intermediate sizes, please enquire at your specialist dealer or the manufacturer.

- Possibly test a different bit shape: olive head bits, for example, should be smaller and lie directly on the corner of the mouth.

- Measure the bits. The sizes may vary slightly depending on the model and may be smaller or slightly larger.

- Choose the next best alternative. Add or subtract 2.5 mm or 5 mm (depending on the size difference) on each side between the corner of the mouth and the bit ring and choose the best fitting alternative.

Demand is low in this size, which is why the selection is smaller. However, the most popular bits are also available in this size.

1 cm difference in bit width means 0.5 cm on each side. If we were to offer bits in the intermediate size, the difference between the sizes would only be 2.5 mm per side. The difference would therefore be minimal.

The bit template is available from well-stocked specialist retailers or directly from Sprenger.

The Sprenger range includes bits from 95 cm to 175 cm wide.

- Bit width gauge (available from specialist dealers or directly from Sprenger)

- Place a rope or rope in the mouth, place your fingers next to the corner of the mouth and then measure the width and add 0.5 to 1 cm to it

The same rules apply as for large horses. Sprenger has quite a large selection in pony sizes from 10.5 cm.

- Brochure "4 steps to the right bit"

- Bit width gauge, available from specialist dealers or directly from Sprenger

- YouTube videos on the different bits

Signs of a suitable bit:

- A happy horse and good contact are signs of a suitable bit

- Good chewing action, relaxed topline

- Appropriate reaction to rein aids, horse pushes away from the bit

- Trusting approach to the rider's hand

- Distance between bit ring and mouth angle max. 3 and 5 mm

- Snaffle goes easily over the ears, cheekpiece does not flicker

- Bit does not come into contact with the teeth

- there is at least 2 fingers' width of space to the 1st molar

- No pressure points/redness on the palate or tongue

- Inside and outside corners of mouth are in order

Signs of an unsuitable bit:

- Unhappy horse, head banging, sensitivity to pressure, crawling, opening of the mouth, reddening of the oral mucosa, tongue problems

- Strained or damaged corners of the mouth, especially on the inner side

It should end directly at the corner of the mouth, as this means it lies more quietly in the mouth and is laterally limited.

- Water snaffle: ring must be able to slide freely, distance between bit ring and corner of mouth must not be more than max. 3-5mm on each side

- Olive head, D-ring or other bits with a fixed side part: should lie close to the corner of the mouth so that the bit lies quietly in the mouth

- No bit should squeeze the corner of the mouth

It always depends on the horse (anatomy, character, level of training), the situation and of course the qualities of the rider. In the case of bits with a leverage effect, for example, the pressure is distributed over several points of action by the rein aid. This supposedly "sharper" bit in a sensitive rider's hand can be softer than a supposedly soft bit where the rider starts to "pull" and all the pressure is applied to just one effective point (usually the tongue).

Why are curbs thinner today? It used to be said: "The thinner, the sharper!".

Many horses do not have enough room in their mouths for thicker bits. This was the result of a measurement of horses' mouths initiated by Sprenger and carried out by the Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine. In addition, modern curbs are anatomically better adapted to the conditions in the horse's mouth.

On average, a horse only has about 3.5 cm of space between the upper and lower jaw. The mucous membranes and the tongue, which is usually between 2 and 2.5 cm thick, have to be subtracted from this.

Checkbit width:

- bridle & finish buckling

- stand in front of the horse & pull the bit slightly apart at the rings

- there should be a maximum of 3-5mm space between the bit ring and the corner of the mouth, otherwise it is too big or small

- Olive head & D-ring bits should lie directly on the corner of the mouth, but not jam

Checkbit strength:

- Check the palate for pressure points/redness (bit could be too thick)

- If the joint eyes of metal bits are shiny at the top, this is a sign that there is friction in the palate. The bit could be too thick or the fit could be wrong

If you are brave, do the 2-finger test. Simply place two fingers on top of each other and place them on the spot in the horse's mouth where the bit is. The tongue is pushed to the side. The horse then starts to chew. If there is pressure on both fingers when the incisors are closed, the bit should not be thicker than 16 mm. If no pressure is felt, there is room for a thicker bit.

However, you can also simply move the corners of your horse's mouth up and down and see how much space the current bit takes up and then draw conclusions about a more suitable thickness.

Indicators for this are

- satisfied horse, no leaning problems

- Distance between bit ring and mouth angle max. between 3 and 5 mm

- Snaffle goes easily over the ears, cheek piece does not flicker

- Bit does not come into contact with the teeth

- there is 2 fingers width of space to the 1st molar

- No pressure marks / redness on the palate or tongue

- Angle of mouth inside and outside in order

A happy horse is usually a sign of suitable equipment. A bit that is too big can be recognized by the distance between the bit ring and the corner of the mouth, a bit that is too small pinches the corner of the mouth. Anatomical factors (distance between upper and lower jaw, tongue, shape of the lower bars, etc.) and the character of the horse play a major role in the shape and strength of the bit.

A water snaffle should have a maximum of 3 to 5 mm space between the bit ring and the corner of the mouth on each side. Fixed side pieces should be close to the corner of the mouth, but must not pinch it.

The bit thickness can be easily checked with the 2-finger test. In our 4-step flyer you can find out more.

The natural chewing movement of horses is very important and a sign of satisfaction and suppleness. In many horses, the oxidation of copper alloys can improve and promote chewing activity and increase acceptance of the bit.

Bits marked with an arrow on the side of the mouthpiece must be buckled in so that the arrow on the left hand points forwards. This is the only way to ensure optimum effectiveness, as these are anatomically shaped bits.

The rust is caused by oxidation. The oxidation creates a sweet taste, which makes many horses chew and salivate better. The rust should be wiped off before each use. Alternatively, there are copper alloys such as Sensogan, which also stimulate salivation through oxidation, but do not rust.

A water snaffle is recommended for beginners and riders with unsteady hands.

- The same rules apply as for large horses

- A relatively large selection at Sprenger will help you: pony sizes from 9.5 cm.

This can manifest itself in many different ways. For example, head banging, locking, rolling up, lying on the hand and many more. Leaning problems should always be carefully analyzed by the rider, as the reactions described can of course also be triggered by rideability or health problems.

This is theoretically possible. In such cases, the rider and possibly the trainer or other stable colleagues have neglected their duty of care for their horse. Permanent damage only actually occurs in exceptional cases, e.g. due to misuse or accidents.

In general, however, the wrong bit is more likely to cause rideability problems, which can be remedied by correct training.

An unsuitable bit can affect the horse's rideability. Depending on the shape of the bit and how it is used, injuries can even occur (e.g. at the corner of the mouth) if the bit is too big or too small. Head banging, opening the mouth, crawling behind the reins or overreacting to rein aids can indicate an unsuitable bit.

The prerequisite for a correctly buckled bit is always the correct buckling of the noseband. The noseband should be buckled according to the 2-finger rule and allow the horse's natural chewing movement. The bit should be the right size and buckled in such a way that there are 1-2 folds at the corner of the mouth and about 2 finger widths between the first molar and the bit The headpiece should be easy to slip over the ears when unbuckling (otherwise the bit is buckled too high). If the cheekpiece slaps when the reins are applied, the bit is buckled in too low.
Bits marked with an arrow on the side of the mouthpiece must be buckled in so that the arrow on the left hand points forwards. This is the only way to ensure optimum effectiveness, as these are anatomically shaped bits.

Bits without special markings can be buckled in in any direction. This generally applies to normal bar or single jointed bits.

Again, the happier the horse, the better the bit. If the horse is dissatisfied or has leaning problems (health reasons must be ruled out and the bit size must be suitable), you should take a look inside the mouth and try a different bit shape. If you have a strong, fleshy tongue, you could try an ergonomically shaped bit (Dynamic RS), for example, which offers the tongue more space.

A happy horse is usually a sign of suitable equipment. A bit that is too big can be recognized by the distance between the bit ring and the corner of the mouth, a bit that is too small pinches the corner of the mouth. Anatomical factors (distance between the upper and lower jaw, tongue, shape of the lower bars, etc.) and the horse's character play a major role in the shape and strength of the bit.

The Sprenger range includes bits from 95 cm to 175 cm wide.

- Water snaffle: max. 3 to 5 mm space between bit ring and corner of mouth on each side

- fixed side pieces should be close to the corner of the mouth, but must not pinch it

- Bit thickness: the most common bit thickness chosen is 16 mm.
You can find out the correct bit thickness with the two-finger test (see link).[HNHSG1 ].

[ HNHSG1]Insert link to the "In 4 steps..." flyer

The horse's mouth, for example, with a bit width gauge. Available from specialist dealers or directly from Sprenger. The inside dimension of the bit is measured.

Obvious quality defects can be recognized, for example, by the presence of sharp edges and poor workmanship.

High-quality plastic bits have a steel core, for example, are free of plasticizers and UV-resistant. High-quality metal bits are solidly cast and are at best nickel-free. Sprenger guarantees the quality and fit of the products, e.g. through the HS seal of approval, practical tests and toxicological tests by independent institutes.

In principle, this is possible, but is ideally done in conjunction with a specialist dealer. Please contact the specialist dealer or Sprenger directly. The costs depend on the effort involved and the number of participants. The feasibility depends on time and personnel capacities.

However, we also have some videos on our YouTube channel that provide instructions on how to solve and assess the most important problems and points yourself.

A new bit should be tested over a period of at least 3 (riding) days (but preferably 1-2 weeks) in order to be able to assess the effect.

Bit adjustments are offered by specialist dealers, equine dentists, so-called "bit fitters" and representatives of bit companies. Unfortunately, there is no certified training for this. It is essential to ensure that the "consultant" is suitably experienced and trained.

The rough surface in the middle of the single jointed Turnado bits is a sandblasting that serves solely as an optical marking. It is not a different material, but simply the roughened surface of the bit made from Sensogan or Aurigan. This makes it easier to distinguish the Turnado bit from normal single jointed water snaffles.

The advantage of this specially angled bit, the joint in the middle is tilted forward by 45°, is an even distribution of pressure on both halves of the tongue. In normal single jointed bits, one bit shank is always longer than the other for manufacturing reasons. On the side with the longer bit shank, more pressure is applied to the edge of the tongue and lower jaw than on the other side.

If the denture is used for many years or particularly intensively, the rough surface may become smaller or disappear over time. However, this has no effect on the effectiveness of the denture.

Please click here to go directly to the comprehensive Turnado product range

Some of the specialist retailers who stock Herm. Sprenger products offer their customers a very special service: the HS Test Center. The test center is usually equipped with a wide selection of bits. The customer has the opportunity to borrow and test a bit before making a purchase.

All specialist dealers who have an HS test center in their store are marked with a yellow "with test center" sign on our website. You can find a dealer near you in the dealer search further down on this page.

Please note that the test center cannot be handled directly by Herm. Sprenger directly, but only through the appropriate specialist dealer. Please contact the specialist dealer in advance to test the bits. You can also find the contact details in our dealer search.

Any repairs or complaints can only be handled by your specialist dealer. Sensogan and Aurigan bits can be reconditioned in individual cases by polishing and grinding. Sharp-edged ring holes that occur after many years of use can also be repaired by grinding in individual cases. The prerequisite is, however, that the respective bit is otherwise in a completely safe and fully usable condition and that the material abrasion is not too great. Please present the respective bit to your specialist dealer for assessment beforehand.

The quality products produced by Sprenger generally have an above-average service life. Nevertheless, it is important to check the condition of the products regularly to ensure that they are in good working order.

A product should be replaced as soon as there is a safety risk for the horse or rider. For example, if a bit has been bent due to a fall. If in doubt, your local specialist dealer will be happy to advise you on this.

Bits are often used over a long period of time and put under a lot of strain through daily use. Older and frequently used bits in particular should therefore be checked regularly for sharp edges at the ring holes. Sharp-edged or clearly worn bits can cause injuries and should be replaced.

Discoloration on the copper-containing material is no reason to replace a set of teeth. They are caused by the natural oxidation process and can simply be polished away by thorough cleaning, for example with the Sprenger cleaning paste "Diamond Paste".

Single jointed bits transmit the rider's rein aids to the horse's mouth via the edges of the tongue and the lower jaw bones. When the reins are tightened, the joint in the middle of the mouthpiece stands up slightly and the pressure on the edges of the tongue increases.

The described "standing up" of the bit is often referred to as the so-called nutcracker effect, in which the lower bars are pinched and/or the eye of the joint presses into the horse's palate.

However, this is only the case if the bit used is clearly too large or too thick for the horse's mouth. Especially in horses with a flat palate, there is a real risk of pressure points or even injuries in the palate area.

As the bit shanks of conventional single jointed bits (exception: Dynamic RS and Turnado) are always different lengths due to the manufacturing process, there is always a little more pressure on one side. It is therefore recommended that single jointed bits are turned regularly.

With Turnado or single jointed Dynamic RS bits, the joint has been angled forwards by 45°. This special angle enables a more even effect on both edges of the tongue.

Both models are marked with an arrow on the side of the mouthpiece to ensure optimum action. Make sure that the arrow on the left hand is pointing forwards.

Double jointed bits have shorter shanks than single jointed bits, which are connected by a centerpiece. This distributes the pressure more evenly and over a larger area on the halves of the tongue without the centerpiece pressing into the palate.

The pressure created by the tightening of the reins is therefore distributed over a much larger area of the tongue and directed to the lower jaw than with single-break bits. Due to the specially adapted and forward slanted centerpiece on all double jointed Sprenger bits made of Sensogan and Aurigan, no palate pressure can occur with the right bit size.

A prerequisite for the correct buckling of a bit is always the correct buckling of the noseband. The noseband should be buckled according to the 2-finger rule and allow the horse's natural chewing movement. The bit should be the right size and buckled in such a way that there are one or two folds at the corner of the mouth. When bridling, the cheekpiece should be slightly above the ears, otherwise the bit will be too high. If the cheekpiece "flags" when the reins are taken, the bit is too low.

For all Sprenger bits marked with an arrow on the side of the mouthpiece, make sure that the arrow on the left hand is pointing forwards to ensure optimum effectiveness.

Bits without the special marking by the arrow on the side can be buckled in in any direction. This generally applies to normal bar or single jointed bits. In normal single jointed bits, one bit shank is always longer than the other for manufacturing reasons. On the side with the longer bit shank, more pressure is applied to the edge of the tongue and lower jaw than on the other side. To avoid exerting more pressure on one half of the tongue and lower jaw in the long term, it is advisable to turn over normal single jointed bits at regular intervals.

With a Turnado bit or a single jointed Dynamic RS bit, you can avoid the problem described above, as the joint in the middle of the mouthpiece of these models is specially angled so that the pressure is evenly distributed over both halves of the tongue when the reins are pulled.

There is a wide range of bit shapes and materials available for bar bits. It is important that bar bits are selected in the right size for the horse, as bar bits that are too large can tilt and become uncomfortable for the horse if the reins are pulled on one side.

All rigid bar bits can best be compared to a bicycle handlebar. If the rider gives one-sided rein aids, the accepted side of the bit will act on the tongue and the opposite side will move forward towards the palate.

Bar bits belong in the hands of experienced and sensitive riders, as one-sided rein aids or the development of position and bending are not possible with rigid bar bits. Riders who use a bar bit should therefore be able to parry and turn their horse well with thigh and weight aids.

A straight and rigid bar exerts constant and even pressure on the entire width of the tongue (including the center of the tongue). Compared to broken bits, straight bars exert less pressure on the edges of the tongue. The pressure that is transferred to the lower jaw via the tongue increases with the strength of the rein pull.

Straight bar bits are particularly recommended for horses that withdraw from the rider's rein aids and become strong, e.g. when approaching an obstacle. In contrast to bridles with additional action on the poll (e.g. Pelham or jumping curb bit), bar bits can also be used on horses that pull away downwards and lie on the rider's hand.

In comparison to straight bar bits, bar bits with tongue freedom (e.g. KK correction bit or CM bar bit) do not exert constant pressure on the tongue. With this type of bit, the center of the tongue is relieved and is only loaded when the reins are tightened.

These bits are generally suitable for horses that move strongly against the hand, have particularly fleshy tongues or for correcting tongue problems in horses that find pressure on the tongue uncomfortable and avoid it by pulling up or sticking the tongue out to the side.

Compared to rigid bar bits, flexible bar bits are slightly easier to apply pressure to one side. Here, too, the pressure is distributed over the entire tongue when the reins are tightened, but becomes somewhat stronger towards the edges of the tongue. With flexible bars, the "bicycle handlebar effect" described above is therefore somewhat weakened.

Flexible bar bits (e.g. Flex Control or Duo bar bits) are recommended for horses that occasionally get stuck or show impermeability when training certain lessons or when tackling obstacles. Flexible bars are also often well accepted by horses that do not cope so well with broken bits.

Sensogan and Aurigan bits have been specially developed for use in the horse's mouth. As Sensogan and Aurigan bits are solid cast and the surface is not coated, it cannot "come loose" or "flake off". The deposits and discoloration described here should be removed regularly. In principle, however, there is nothing to prevent you from continuing to use such a bit.

Changes to the surface of Aurigan and Sensogan bits can be divided into two categories:

• Deposits on the mouthpiece
• Discoloration of the mouthpiece

Deposits on the mouthpiece

Deposits on the mouthpiece are usually due to saliva residue or food residue. Such deposits can be prevented by regular, thorough cleaning with water after riding. If deposits are already visible on the mouthpiece, polishing with Sprenger "Diamond Paste", which is available from specialist dealers, will help.

Discoloration of the mouthpiece

As Aurigan and Sensogan bits have a high copper content, the material darkens over time. This is due to the natural oxidation that occurs when copper comes into contact with oxygen. This is desirable as it encourages the horse to chew. By using the specialist cleaning paste "Diamond Paste" available from specialist dealers, these discolorations can be removed quickly and easily.

Bits serve as a means of communication between rider and horse and are intended to pass on the rider's rein aids directly and specifically to the horse. In order for a bit to achieve the desired effect as well as possible, it is important that it fits exactly in shape and size and is buckled correctly. The mouth is one of the most sensitive areas of the horse and should therefore be treated with care and attention. The bit used should therefore be adapted to the individual needs of the horse's mouth and should not pinch, chafe or be uncomfortable for the horse.

When selecting the size of bits, two factors in particular should be taken into account:
- bit width
- bit thickness

Bit width

According to the implementation regulations for Section 70 of the current LPO, bits "must not pinch the corners of the mouth and must not protrude more than 0.5 cm between the corner of the mouth and the bit ring when the bit is straight in the mouth." (LPO 2013, P.287.)

Bits with continuous rings

If bits with continuous rings (water snaffles) are buckled correctly, there should be no more than 0.5 cm space between the corner of the mouth and the bit ring on the right and left. The ring should always be able to move freely and not pinch the corner of the mouth.

Bits with fixed side pieces

z. e.g. olive head and D-ring bits or shank snaffles

Bits with fixed side pieces should always be selected one size smaller than water snaffles. The optimum effect of these bits is achieved when the side part is relatively close to the corner of the mouth. This means that the bit lies quietly in the horse's mouth and additional lateral influence can be achieved with the help of the adjacent side pieces.

Curb bits and snaffles

The shape and width of the snaffle bit should be similar to the standard snaffle bit used. The curb bit lies underneath the snaffle bit in the horse's mouth. The mouth becomes narrower at this point, which is why the curb bit should be ½ to 1 size smaller than the snaffle bit.

Bit thickness

The bit strength, i.e. the thickness of the bit, should always be adapted to the anatomical features of the horse's mouth. A measurement of the mouth cavities of horses carried out in collaboration with the University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover revealed that the mouth cavity of horses is smaller and flatter than previously assumed. It is also not possible to draw conclusions from the size of a horse to the size of the oral cavity.

With the help of your equine dentist or the so-called "2-finger test", you can find out how much space there is in your horse's mouth and which bit size you should choose. To do this, simply place your index and middle fingers together in the horse's mouth where the bit will be inserted.

If the distance between the upper and lower bars is small, you will feel pressure on both fingers. The recommended thickness is then 14 - 16 mm.

If there is a greater distance between the upper and lower bars, you will hardly feel any pressure on your fingers. The recommended thickness is then 16 - 18 mm.

If you choose a bit that is too thick, there is a risk of pressure being exerted on the sensitive palate. This can cause pressure points and injuries, but is always unpleasant for your horse. This problem occurs relatively frequently in practice and can lead to head banging, opening of the mouth or "lying on the hand".

Bits with continuous rings act exclusively on traction. When the reins are tightened, the pressure is transferred to the lower jaw via the tongue. (Any pressure on the poll is not caused by the bit, but by the noseband)

The movable rings can cushion or compensate for an unsteady or inexperienced rider's hand. In addition, the horse can lift the bit slightly by tensing the tongue and thus temporarily avoid excessive pressure from the reins.

In principle, ring snaffles are suitable for every horse and every level of training. Bits with continuous rings are particularly recommended for breaking in young horses or for beginners.

Ring snaffles should be sized so that they do not pinch the bit and the distance between the ring hole and the corner of the mouth is no greater than 0.5 cm on each side.

Olive head, D-ring and shank snaffles, like water snaffles, work exclusively by pulling. When the reins are pulled, the pressure is transferred to the lower jaw via the tongue. The rein aids are transmitted more directly compared to water snaffles. The movements of unsteady or inexperienced rider's hands are not cushioned but transmitted directly to the tongue.

As the mouthpiece is firmly attached to the ring, it lies particularly quietly in the horse's mouth. The soft transitions to the side pieces make these bits particularly gentle on the corner of the mouth. In addition, the contact surface of the side pieces provides additional lateral contact, which makes it easier to ride turns and to limit the rein on the outside rein (rein guard), for example.

The lateral contact of D-ring and shank snaffles is stronger compared to olive head snaffles. The larger the contact surface between the side piece and the lip, the greater the lateral effect.

These bits are particularly suitable for horses with sensitive mouth angles, for horses that tend to break out over the shoulder (e.g. when turning away or when starting jumps) or for horses that have a very restless mouth and "play" too much with the mouthpiece of a ring snaffle.

These bits are not recommended for young horses being broken in (the very first phase, when the horse is not yet familiar with a bit) or for riders with a restless or hard hand and novice riders.

Snaffles with fixed side pieces should be sized so that they fit relatively close to the corner of the mouth but do not pinch the lip - generally 0.5 to 1 cm smaller than ring snaffles.

With multi-ring snaffles, when the reins are pulled, the pressure is first distributed via the tongue to the lower jaw and then to the poll. This gives the rider more control over horses that become strong and pull upwards, as the pressure on the poll usually causes horses to lower their heads.

These bits are not recommended for horses that tend to pull away downwards and tend to cower.

3-ring bits:

This effect is even more pronounced with 3-ring bits, as the leverage effect is even greater due to the length of the side piece. The optimum effect is achieved by using 2 pairs of reins. The main rein in the large ring has a pulling effect (tongue and lower jaw), the second pair of reins in the lower ring can exert pressure on the poll (neckband) via the cheekpiece if required. Of course, this requires a practiced and sensitive rider's hand.

Please note:

The horse is very sensitive in the neckband area. There are bursae under the nuchal ligament, which can become inflamed if too much pressure is applied for too long. Pressure should therefore only be applied to the poll in moderation.

When pressure is applied to the poll, the horse reacts by lowering its head. However, especially when approaching jumps, the horse should be able to raise its head so that it can assess the jump and balance itself.

Bits with poll action should therefore only be used by experienced and practiced riders.

These bits act on three different points on the horse's head: on the lower jaw via the tongue, on the poll via the leverage effect of the lateral tugs and on the lower jaw via the chin chain. The rein aid is therefore distributed to the various pressure points on the horse's head. This enables the rider to exert better influence and control, e.g. on strong horses or horses with a strong character.

Riding curbs are mandatory in dressage tests from a certain class upwards. Pelhams and jumping curbs are mainly used in show jumping, cross-country and hunting competitions, but are also popular with leisure riders with strong horses in cross-country. Correct basic training and rideability should be a prerequisite for the use of such bits.

As the horse's lower jaw is very sensitive and only covered with a thin layer of skin, the use of a chin chain pad is recommended. In show jumping competitions up to medium (M) level, Pelhams are only permitted in combination with a chin chain pad and Pelham straps. From medium (M) level upwards, the Pelham may also be used with two pairs of reins and without a chin chain pad.

The upper ring is buckled into the cheek piece of the snaffle / curb bit. The chin chain should be attached in such a way that the lower tree allows an angle of 30 - 45° when the reins are pulled. (Fig.) Make sure that the chin chain is correctly turned out.

Due to the fixed side parts, the size of these bits should be chosen so that they fit relatively close to the corner of the mouth but do not pinch the lip - as a rule, they should be ½ to 1 cm smaller than water snaffles.

Please note: The horse is very sensitive in the neckband area. There are bursae under the nuchal ligament, which can become inflamed if too much pressure is applied for too long. The horse reacts to pressure on the poll by lowering its head. However, the horse should be able to raise its head to assess the jump and balance itself, especially when starting to jump. Bits with poll action should therefore only be used by experienced and practiced riders. If the lower rein is pulled too tightly, the tongue is fixed between the bit and the lower jaw. Applying too much pressure for too long can pinch the tongue and disrupt blood circulation.

When the reins are tightened, the hackamore first acts on the poll, then evenly on the chin pit and the bridge of the nose. The effect is therefore exerted via three different points on the horse's head. The hackamore is generally used bitless, which is why the tongue is completely relieved with this bridle.

The hackamore must be buckled in such a way that there is room for two fingers between the bridge of the nose (non-exposed nasal bone) and the noseband. The cheek piece is buckled into the upper ring, the reins into the lower ring at the end of the side piece.

If required, a bit can also be buckled into so-called combination hackamores so that all four pressure points on the horse's head can be used.

Recommended for horses that have an injury in their mouth or are unhappy with bits or pressure on the tongue. Not suitable for young horses and novice riders. With a bitless bridle, one-sided rein aids are only possible to a limited extent. The rider should therefore be able to ride his horse through the turn with cross and leg aids.

So far only with the 4 neck ends. However, we are happy to keep in mind that there is interest in further ends.

No, so far only in the normal Extra Grip version.

(Soft Point) The wheel is made of brass, the rest is made of high-quality stainless steel. This makes them particularly break-proof!

Comfort rollers are significantly wider and therefore softer. The wider the contact surface, the better the pressure is distributed.

Stainless steel and argentan spurs can be reconditioned. Even missing wheels can usually be replaced by Sprenger, provided the arbor is still intact.

When choosing suitable spurs, the first priority is always the horse's well-being, which you do not want to injure by using spurs. Spur beginners should therefore ride with rounded and not too long spurs until they are practiced enough to use the spurs sensibly.

When choosing the right spurs, you should consider various factors.

What is the age and level of training of you and your horse?

Only those who already have a balanced seat and a calm leg position will be able to use the spurs correctly and sensibly. However, not only inexperienced riders, but also young horses should not use spurs at the beginning. They must first get used to the rider's flat calf, get to know and understand the driving aids and build up trust in the rider and his aids.

As the training progresses, spurs with a softer action should be used initially and the degree of action increased if necessary. In different training phases, the short-term use of stronger spurs can also be helpful, before switching back to a "softer" spur.

What is your horse's character like?

Character always plays an important role in the choice of equipment, including the choice of suitable spurs. Phlegmatic horses logically tolerate stronger spurs than nervous horses or horses that are very willing to walk.

How big is the distance between your thigh and the horse's belly?

Riders with shorter legs and little distance between horse and leg can manage with shorter spurs. Riders with long legs should use longer spurs so that the leg can lie more quietly. For extreme cases, there are so-called "swan neck spurs", which are also bent upwards and shorten the distance to the horse's belly even further.

How sensitive is your horse, especially when changing coat?

For very sensitive and delicate horses (coat and skin) or when changing coat, soft spurs or spurs with a wide wheel should definitely be used. Our Comfort Roller spurs are often ideal in such cases, as the wide wheel rolls when touched and there is no friction on the sensitive coat.

What discipline are you competing in?

Of course, the choice of spurs also depends on the disciplines ridden and the respective rules and regulations. Different spurs are used in Western riding than in English disciplines. In eventing, the use of wheel spurs is only permitted to a limited extent and there are restrictions on the length of spurs permitted in the individual disciplines and age groups.

As a general rule, the spurs should therefore be chosen with a soft/rounded impact in order to make the impact as soft as possible. However, before the leg becomes restless due to a spur that is too short or too blunt, it can make sense to use slightly longer or stronger spurs if they can be used in a more measured manner and the leg can lie more quietly as a result. After all, the rider should not be using the spurs constantly.

It is important that the driving leg is not replaced by the use of spurs. Incorrect use of spurs can blunt a horse or, in the worst case, injure it.

Spurs are available in various materials, qualities and price ranges. What is important with all materials is that the surface quality of the spurs cannot cause injury.

High-quality spurs are made of rustproof, break-proof material such as stainless steel or argentan, have a good fit and have no sharp edges that could injure a horse or damage the leather of the boot or ankle boot.

Our Ultra fit and Ultra fit Extra Grip spurs can be adapted to your foot by bending them. The material (stainless steel) is unbreakable and stable.

There is no general answer as to whether a spur with a wheel is sharper than one without. This varies from horse to horse and also depends on the nature of the wheel or spike. Some horses react more strongly to spurs with a flat spike/neck end, others to spurs with a wheel.

Here you can simply remember:
For spurs without a wheel, the edgier and narrower the spike or the neck end, the stronger the effect.

For spurs with a wheel, the thicker the wheel, the softer the effect. Wheels with serrations have a stronger effect than circular wheels.

Make sure that the wheel does not get stuck. To avoid injury, it should always be able to turn freely. You need to be particularly careful when changing the coat. Hair and dirt can get stuck between the wheel and the mandrel. You should therefore clean your wheel spurs thoroughly on a regular basis, especially around the wheel.

The rubbers of the System 4 and Bow Balance stirrups can be repaired if the stirrup is otherwise in a completely safe and usable condition. This repair may only be carried out by Herm. Sprenger.

The quality products produced by Sprenger generally have an above-average service life. Nevertheless, it is important to check the condition of the products regularly to ensure that they are in good working order. A product should be replaced as soon as there is a safety risk for the horse or rider. For example, if the stirrup has been bent due to a fall.

Stirrups have to withstand enormous loads during riding. Therefore, please make sure that your stirrups are in perfect condition at all times.

Especially after falls or knocks of the stirrup against the rail, walls or obstacle stands, the stirrup and, if necessary, the joints should be checked for perfect function.

The tread surface must provide the rider's foot with sufficient support and grip. For beginners in particular, it is important that the foot is securely in the stirrup.

Stirrups with a tread width of 110mm are recommended up to shoe size 38. From a shoe size 39 to 44, we recommend a step width of 120mm, and from a shoe size 45, you should choose stirrups with a step width of 130mm.

Stirrup protectors prevent your saddle and stirrups from getting scratched or dirty. This way you can protect them in the long term.

A stirrup with a twisted eyelet makes it easier to pick up the stirrup again if you slip out of it. You can also place your thigh even closer to the horse's belly.

The articulated stirrups allow a springy movement of the ankle joint. As a result, the joints, tendons and ligaments are relieved. In addition, articulated stirrups make it easier to release the foot in the event of a fall.

We offer interchangeable stirrup inserts for every stirrup. On the individual product pages you can find out which stirrup inserts are suitable for which stirrup.

Our anti-slip rubber inserts, made from solid rubber, have a studded structure and therefore offer you optimum grip and stability. The non-slip stainless steel inserts give you an even more secure grip in the stirrup, especially in wet weather conditions.

Our Flexcite stirrups are a further development of the Bow Balance stirrups. The new feature is that the joint is specially protected by a hermetic seal. The Flexcite stirrups also make it easier for your foot to slide out in the event of a fall, are shock-absorbing, non-slip and ensure optimum balance. Their modern, timeless design also makes them a real eye-catcher.

Our stirrup inserts are available in solid rubber and stainless steel.
The principle is the same for both inserts. You push the insert out of the stirrup holder and then simply push the new one in.